Cucurbita maxima and C moschiata
 

Pumpkins and winter squash are large, very vigorous, half-hardy plants. There is a very diverse variety of sizes shapes, colors and sizes. These crops are easy to grow.

Fruits may range from several to a pound to several hundred pounds for one pumpkin. Colors range from orange to gray with many cultivars having several colors. The flesh may be watery but is usually dense and sweet. Both trailing and bush types are available. Many organic and heirloom varieties are available as well.

Ideal Location- Pumpkins prefer a sheltered site with full sun. Small-fruited varieties can be grown on trellises or pergolas. Prior to planting apply a low to medium soil improver depending on soil conditions. Rich soil or overfeeding will result in excessive foliage growth at the expense of the fruit. The ideal pH range is 5.5-6.8

Cultivation- Sow seeds 3-4 weeks before your average last frost date. The minimum germination temperature is 55F (13C). Push 2 seeds in each 3 ½ (9cm) pot; removing the weaker seedling after germination. Harden off well before transplanting.

Outdoors- Sow direct in early summer in mild climates. Protect with cloches for extra warmth at the start.

Spacing- these vigorous plants typically will fill in all available space. When transplanting mark the center of each plant so you will know where to water. These will grow well under runner beans and corn. Bush cultivars 24-36in x 36x48in (60-90cm x 90-120cm), trailing cultivars 4-6ft x 6ft (1.2-1.8m x 1.8m)
 

Plant Care- Keep area well weeded until plants are well established. Water only until plants root deeply. Mulch plants with straw, hay, or a low fertility soil improver. Allow only 3 – 4 fruits per plant to mature on large pumpkin cultivars. In wet condition fruit may rot, place a board under the fruit to prevent this.

Harvesting- Shoots, flowers, seeds, leaves, and fruits can all be eaten. When fruits feel hard and feel hollow if tapped turn over the underside and expose to the sun for 10 days before picking. Pumpkins and winter squashes grown for storage should be left on the plant as long as possible to develop a thick skin before the first frost. Ripened fruits will store for 6-12 months in a cool airy place.

Problems- Aphids, cucumber beetles, squash vine borer, bacterial wilt, mosaic virus, and powdery mildew.

Nutrients- Winter squash and pumpkins are as an excellent source of vitamin A (in the form of beta-carotene), a very good source of vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber and manganese. In addition, winter squash emerged as a good source of folate, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B1, copper, vitamin B6, niacin-vitamin B3 and pantothenic acid. Pumpkin seeds are rich in zinc.